Development and Evaluation of a New Interpenetrating Network Bead of Sodium Carboxymethyl Xanthan and Sodium Alginate

Interpenetrating network (IPN) beads of sodium carboxymethyl xanthan (SCMX) and sodium alginate (SAL) were prepared by ionotropic gelation process using AlCl3 as a cross-linking agent. The effect of different formulation variables like total polymer concentration, gelation time, concentration of cross-linking agent, and drug load on the extent of release of ibuprofen (IBP), a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was examined. The formation of IPN structure was examined using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analysis and the compatibility of the drug in the bead was evaluated through FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses. While increase in the concentration of total polymer, gelation time, and drug load decreased the drug release in both acidic (pH-1.2) and phosphate buffer (PB) solution (pH-6.8), increase in the concentration of cross-linking agent tended to increase the drug release. However, from all the formulations, the drug release in acidic medium was considerably slow and a maximum 14% of the loaded drug was released in 2 h. Complete drug release was achieved in PB solution within 210 to 330 min depending upon the formulation variables. The release of the drug followed non-Fickian transport process in acidic medium and case-II transport mechanism in PB solution and these release behaviour correlated well with the kinetics of dynamic swelling of IPN beads. The study indicated that the IPN beads of SCMX and SAL could be a suitable dosage form to minimize the drug release in acidic solution and to control the drug release in PB solution depending upon the need.